Main Article Content

Abstract

Associated to Birkhoff orthogonality, we study Birkhoff angles in a normed space and present some of their basic properties. We also discuss how to decide whether an angle is more acute or more obtuse than another. In addition, given two vectors $x$ and $y$ in a normed space, we study the formula for Birkhoff `cosine' of the angle from $x$ to $y$ from which we can, in principal, compute the angle. Some examples will be presented.

Keywords

Birkhoff angles Birkhoff orthogonality normed spaces

Article Details

Author Biographies

Muhamad Jamaludin, Institut Teknologi Bandung

Mathematics

Mas Daffa Pratamadirdja, Institut Teknologi Bandung

Mathematics
How to Cite
Gunawan, H., Jamaludin, M., & Pratamadirdja, M. D. (2021). On Birkhoff Angles in Normed Spaces. Journal of the Indonesian Mathematical Society, 27(3), 270–284. https://doi.org/10.22342/jims.27.3.1030.270-284

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